Caramel colour II

Caramel colour II, also called caustic sulphite process caramel, is produced by heating sugar in the presence of sulphite compounds but without ammonia. It yields a yellow-to-dark-brown colour used in beverages, vinegars, and confectionery. It is less commonly used than E150d (sulphite-ammonia caramel) and does not contain the 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) associated with the ammonia-processed caramels.

JECFA's ADI for E150b is "not specified," evaluated in 1984. The caustic sulphite process produces caramel without the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that prompted concern about E150c and E150d. At typical dietary intakes there is no toxicological concern specific to E150b. However, because it is produced with sulphite compounds, it may contain residual sulphites relevant to sulphite-sensitive individuals, particularly those with sulphite-sensitive asthma.

E150b is approved in the EU, and generally permitted in major global markets. It is less prevalent than E150a (plain caramel) or E150d (the most widely used caramel in cola beverages) but appears in some vinegars, sauces, and certain alcoholic beverages. Consumers with sulphite sensitivity should note its production method and may wish to verify sulphite residue levels with manufacturers. For the general population, it is one of the more benign caramel colour variants given the absence of 4-MEI.