Beetroot Red (Betanin)

Beetroot Red, also known as betanin, is a natural red pigment extracted from the root of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris). As a food colourant (E162), it provides pink to deep red hues and is used in yoghurts, ice cream, beverages, confectionery, and processed meat products seeking a vibrant red colour without synthetic dyes. Betanin belongs to the betalain family of pigments, which are distinct from the anthocyanin pigments found in many other red and purple fruits.

JECFA evaluated beetroot red in 1984 and did not establish a numerical ADI, classifying it as not specified — indicating no safety concern at any realistic dietary exposure. Betanins are normal dietary constituents consumed in quantity by anyone eating beetroot regularly.

Beetroot Red is approved in the EU (E162), most European markets, Australia, and New Zealand. It is not listed as an approved colour additive in the United States under FDA regulations, though beet juice and beet powder may be used as natural colours in some contexts. The pigment is heat- and light-sensitive, which limits its use in products requiring long shelf life under bright conditions. Consumers may notice harmless red or pink discolouration of urine or stool after consuming beetroot-coloured products, a condition known as beeturia.