Lutein

Lutein is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid found in dark green leafy vegetables such as kale and spinach, and in egg yolks. As a food colourant (E161b), it is typically extracted from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) and provides a yellow to orange colour. It is used in baked goods, dairy products, beverages, and confectionery seeking a natural yellow or golden hue.

JECFA evaluated lutein preparations derived from Tagetes in 2004 and did not establish a numerical ADI, concluding that available data were sufficient to determine the additive is safe at typical levels of use. No specific concern has been raised about daily exposure from food-grade applications.

Lutein is approved in the EU (E161b), the US, and across most international food regulatory frameworks. Beyond its use as a colourant, lutein is widely recognised for its role in eye health — it accumulates in the macula and is linked to reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration — though this functional benefit applies to supplement doses rather than the colouring quantities used in food. Consumers will find it listed in products seeking natural yellow colouring, and it carries no special labelling requirements.