Shellac

Shellac is a natural resin secreted by the female lac bug (Laccifer lacca), an insect native to South and Southeast Asia. After collection from tree bark and purification, the resin is used as a glazing agent (E904) on confectionery, fresh citrus fruits, some pharmaceutical tablets, and certain coated nuts and candies. It provides a hard, moisture-resistant, glossy coating that prolongs shelf life and enhances appearance. The same material is used in woodworking varnishes and nail polish.

JECFA evaluated shellac in 1965 and did not establish a numerical ADI. The compound is not significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at the quantities applied as a surface coating, and no specific toxicological concern has been identified at food-use concentrations.

Shellac is approved in the EU (E904), the United States (GRAS), and many other markets. Two important consumer considerations apply: first, it is an insect-derived product and is not suitable for vegans or vegetarians; second, some interpretations of kosher and halal dietary law exclude insect-derived ingredients. Looksee assigns a limit rating to flag the animal-origin concern for relevant consumers rather than any safety concern. Plant-based alternatives including carnauba wax (E903) and candelilla wax (E902) are widely available.