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Vitamin

Thiamine

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What to know

Vitamin B1; essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and branched-chain amino acids via thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), and critical for nerve and heart function. Used to fortify refined grains in the US since the 1940s; deficiency causes beriberi, and severe deficiency in the context of alcohol misuse causes Wernicke encephalopathy. Heat and alkaline cooking conditions significantly degrade thiamine.

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